Previous Page: Before the Columbia discovery, our unsung hero Emile Berliner, determined that disc recording speeds should rotate at standard speed of 78rpm. Emile Berliner gave the cold-shoulder to Thomas Edison's idea of using stylus made from precious jewels by means of points that could be made from steel sewing needles. The uniformed standardisation of recordings had not begun until 1912 when a British Gramophone Company conducted listening tests on their back catalogue. Through these tests, it was determined the 78 rpm to be the right speed, that companies adopted, the process was not completed until the early 1930s. The electrical mains frequencies differentiate on opposite sides of the Atlantic between the Americas and all Europe including Great Britain which is gradually breaking down into a uniform frequency of 60 hertz to be finalised in the next four or five years in order for electrical consumer products to be compatible on both sides of the Atlantic. However the stroboscopic speed testers in synchronizing motors of turntable speeds meant a nominal speed of 77.922 rpm for countries that used the 50 hertz electrical cycle system. In countries that used 60 hertz cycle system the speed was to be 78.261 though the actual depended on the electrical mains frequency. | 
